intercultural communication refers to interpersonal communication between members of different cultures.
the term intercultural communication was first used by edward t. hill in 1959.
intercultural communication is now a discipline that studies across different cultures and social groups, or how culture affects communication.
which may not be intercultural communication?
your american partner says to you, “your english is quite good.” you are likely to response with
if you want to get to know some other guests at a company’s annual party, you should say, “_________”
the intercultural field split its orientation into ergent directions after it came into being in the u.s. , studying the following except ______
today the field of intercultural communication may include ______
the study originated in the u.s. in the late 1950s and gained acceptance through training and testing practice in the 1960s and 1970s.
problems and misinterpretations do not necessarily appear when members from two cultures communicate with each other. however, when cultural conflicts do arise, they may be perceived as personal rather than cultural.
as a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. however, as a discipline, its history lasts less than 100 years.
one of the most effective ways to learn about oneself is by taking seriously the cultures of others.
the best reason to spend time studying culture is that we can learn something useful and enlightening about others.
intercultural communication involves interaction between people whose cultural and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.
the study of intercultural communication originated in during the late 1950s.
the field of communication put great emphasis on proxemics, paralinguistics and kinesics.
ethical principles are often bound.
the word “communication” derives from the latin “communis”, meaning ‘common’, ‘shared’.
noise refers to any sound that hinders the communication process among participants.
one’s actions are totally independent of his or her culture.
difference in culture is the primary obstacle to intercultural communication.
culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process.
which statement about values is incorrect?
the following are the characteristics of culture except
_____ refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.
the more dissimilar the source and receiver, the more likely that their communication will be .
although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same.
cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes. the linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between iniduals.
all cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly.
culture is dynamic, which is in a never-ending “process of reinvention”.
in intercultural communication, we should not separate one’s inidual character from cultural generalization.
are what people who share a culture regard strongly as good or bad.
simply put, is the total way of life that a group of people shares.
is the process through which participants create and share information with one another as they move toward reaching mutual understanding.
the usually does not decode a message into exactly the same meaning that the source had in mind when encoding the message.
encoding is the process by which an idea is converted into a message by a source. and is the process by which the physical message is converted into an idea by the receiver.
culture has great effect on the process of perception.
the meanings you attach to your perceptions are greatly determined by your cultural background.
culture is those deep, common, unstated experiences which members of a given culture share.
what is true about stereotype?
stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes your experiences and guides your behavior toward a particular group of people.
many stereotypes are completely incorrect and others greatly distort reality.
stereotypes are always negative.
although cultural has its limitations (over-generalization), it still contributes to a person’s cultural cognition.
which statement is incorrect?
which statement is incorrect?
we take a dialectical approach to studying culture in order to
understanding that we all have is a key to understanding how culture shapes our perception.
values are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture. they are the innermost “skin of the onion.”
culture not only provides the basis for interpreting cognition, but also guides us to choose and induce objects of cognition.
stereotypes are based on half-truths, distortions, and often untrue premises.
if we accept a stereotype as an accurate description, we tend to see only evidence that supports it.
cultures tend to be internally inconsistent.
negative judgment or evaluation of a foreign culture fosters dislike and avoidance.
is the belief that somebody else’s cultural background, including ways of yzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is inferior to our own.
is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment.
a person’s life experience and a culture’s history also mold an inidual’s .
customs, manners, courtesy, etiquette, and rituals are all rules of .
which statement about values is incorrect?
concerning orientation toward time, people of past- oriented culture assume that today flow out of the legacy of the past, regarding history as context and teacher.
concerning orientation towards activity, people of doing-oriented culture assume that taking action is the most important activity.
are shared ideas about what is true, right, and beautiful that underlie cultural patterns and guide society in response to the physical and social environment.
the first four dimensions in hofstede’s model of cultural variability include
the view of people in high uncertainty avoidance cultures can be summarized as “what is different, is curious”.
all people and cultures have both inidual and collective disposition.
people in high-power distance countries believe that power and authority are facts of life.
focuses on the degree the society reinforces, or does not reinforce, the traditional masculine work role model of male achievement, control, and power.
which of the following countries uses high-context language?
categorization of high-context culture and low-context culture depending on the degree to which meaning comes from the settings or from the words being exchanged.
in high-context messages, meaning is not necessarily contained in words.
examples of high-context cultures include chinese, italian, brazil, france, scandinavian countries, etc.
a communication or message is one in which most of the information is vested in the explicit code.
in femininity cultures
in a culture of high uncertainty avoidance
people can use values to study the following aspects except .
a high-context communication or message is one in which most of the information is either in the physical context or internalized in the person.
low-power distance countries hold that equality in society should be minimized.
in the society of low-context culture we may find many subcultures independent of each other.
not everyone in a collectivistic culture is equally collectivistic in thinking and behavior.
japan, austria, switzerland, ireland, the philippines and greece are among the countries where you can find many of the masculine values described.
hofstede’s work was one of the earliest attempts to use extensive statistical data to examine cultural values.
cultures high in the dimension differ gender roles more than feminine culture.
people are expected to conform to the group’s norms and values in ______ cultures.
according to hofstede’s findings, nations with a uncertainty avoidance tendency are greece, belgium, portugal, japan, chile, israel, spain, peru, etc..
are central to human thought, emotions and behaviors which can be used by people to study culture.
only humans have languages.
we use different languages in different situations.
the use of our language varies with situations because it is governed by situational variables.
language is a system of vocal symbols used for human communication.
language is species- specific to .
verbal communication is dynamic and can be repeated.
when doing a verbal communication, we must taking into an account the setting.
the chinese 龙has different connotations from dragon in english.
verbal communication has three elements, the participants, the and the setting.
according to cooperative principle, we should provide accurate information, relevant information as well as information
the americans belong to
the canadians belong to low-context culture, which makes them rather direct in communication .
when doing a verbal communication, the status of the participants is not as important for an american as for a chinese .
communication style is concerned as much with the way in which we conduct the communication as with the communication content.
in many european languages there is a t–v distinction between various forms of addressing one's conversation partners.
the finnish are in the habit of talking to strangers.
we can address tom johnson, who is a lawyer. as lawyer johnson.
refers to the process through which the participants in a conversation decides who will speak first, next and so forth.
is the degree to which an inidual reveals personal information to another person.
according to j .l. austin, we can do things by saying things.
as non-native learners of english, we should not only learn the pronunciation, grammar and words, but also speech act.
could you pass the salt? is probably a
collectivistic culture is characterized by
canada belongs to .
verbal communication refers to the communication that .
the perlocutionary act of can you lend me your bike may be .
according to the definition of language, oral language is more basic than written language.
the sapir-whorf hypothesis shows that language has a great impact on our thought and meaning system.
speaking a language gives a person a cultural identification.
when doing a verbal communication, we must take into an account the setting.
westerners can understand what uncle policeman or p.l.a.uncle means.
the japanese tend to be very humble and modest because their communication style belongs to the self-enhancement type.
a speech act may either be word, a sentence or a speech, etc.
a speech act is heavily constrained by culture and context.
the sapir-whorf hypothesis has two versions, linguistic relativity and linguistic ______.
a context culture is characterized by highly coded and implicit messages.
direct and styles are contrastive communication styles.
the expression get to the point mirrors the communication style.
paralanguage, the nonverbal elements in speech, includes
nonverbal communication is defined as all types of communication that take place without
besides words, meaning can also be communicated through .
the chinese have a keen sense of the value of time, for instance, punctuality on arrival is also considered important.
informal time involves attitudes about within a culture.
time is seen in the same light by eastern and western cultures because time is objective and is observed by all countries in the world.
according to edward hall, proxemics is classified into three aspects: fixed-feature space, semi-fixed-feature space, and informal space.
seating belongs to the space, the use of which may influence people’s attitudes and relationships.
in common communication situations, nonverbal communication messages may ______ verbal communication messages.
types of nonverbal communication across cultures include (but are not limited to) ________________.
the study of informal space requires examining people’s __________.
nonverbal communication is defined as all types of communication that take place without words.
speech is verbal communication so it does not contain nonverbal elements.
nearly half of all communication is nonverbal.
verbal interaction often occurs before nonverbal communication.
fixed-feature space is one of the basic ways of organizing the activities of iniduals and groups.
space reveals relationship.
present-oriented people emphasizes enjoying and living in the moment.
appointments and schedules are very important to members of poly-chronic cultures.
cultures deal with time holistically.
communication is defined as all types of communication that take place without words.
many americans interpret in a conversation to mean disapproval, disagreement, or unsuccessful communication.
the study of nonverbal communication that involves space is called .
informal space refers to distance and claims of territory in communication.