the need for public speaking is only for national leaders and great people.
the book of history(shangshu), exemplifies two types of speech: taking oath(shi) and imperial mandate(gao).
3. there is inherent conflict between being a competent english public speaker and being fully chinese.
the greatest thinkers, scientist, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new insight. that is critical thinking.
in public speaking, we should avoid slang, jargon, and bad grammar.
distracting manneri and verbal habits are acceptable in public speaking.
vocal variety are the changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice interest and expressiveness.
articulation and pronunciation are identical.
statues, standing rigid and expressionless from beginning to the end stem from nervousness or inexperience.
posture, personal appearance, facial expression, gestures, and eye contact affect the way listeners respond to speakers.
stage fright is a common occurrence that some of the greatest public speakers in history have suffered from it.
nervousness almost kills me and i can never be a confident public speaker.
practice makes perfect. as long as i am fully prepared, i won’t make any mistakes during my speech.
a fluent and attractive introduction will help me grasp the audience’s attention and thus reduces my anxiety.
using positive thoughts to encourage myself will help me control my stage fright.
the spoken words could be really powerful and thus need to be guided with a strong sense of ethical integrity.
i can never be accused of plagiari if i use quotation or paraphrase in my public speaking or writing.
there are three types of plagiari: global plagiari, patchwork plagiari and incremental plagiari.
to make my speech more persuasive, it’s ok for me to provide dishonest data.
it is important to put ethical principles into practice during my preparation of my speech.
how to make our speech a success?
when do we yze the audience?
how to yze the audience?
how to select a topic for public speaking?
to yze the audience’s demographic traits, what factors do we need to consider?
what types of questions are there in a questionnaire?
what are the general purpose of a speech?
how to make a specific purpose specific and clear?
the language for the specific purpose and the central idea should be ()
which of the following statement are correct as a specific purpose?
to prepare a speech, the more main points you prepare, the better your speech would like to be.
you can project the main points based on the specific purpose and the central idea.
each main point should be seperate and independent of the others.
when phrasing the main points, you should follow a consistent pattern of wording so that they can be easily remembered and understood.
there are only four methods to arrange the main points, namely the chronological order, the spatial order, the problem-solution order and the topical order.
both the chronological order and the spatial order are most suitable for informative speech.
suppose you are to prepare a speech, introducing the terra cotta warriors (兵马俑), you can only follow the chronological order.
the topical order is suitable to almost any kind of speech and is thus most widely used.
there are 4 types of connectives, namely transitions, signposts, internal previews and internal summaries.
to prepare a speech, you need to establish the main points first, then add supporting materials under each main point and use connectives to make the speech more unified and coherent.
examples are to clarify, personalize, and reinforce a speaker’s ideas, however, they do not appeal powerfully to our emotions.
extended example is a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.
in hypothetical examples, the speaker often creates an imaginary or fictitious situation, and relates it directly to his listeners, and gets them involved in the speech.
it's not necessary for the speaker to reinforce examples with statistics or testimony.
it's not necessary for the speaker to seek figures gathered by reliable, unbiased sources.
statistics speak for themselves
unless there is an important reason to give exact numbers, you should round off most statistics.
if you use another person’s word or ideas without giving credit to that person, you will be guilty of plagiari.
in applying testimony, accurate quotation involves three things: making sure you do not misquote; making sure you do not violate the meaning of statements you paraphrase; making sure you do not quote out of context.
listeners will find speeches much more credible if speaker use testimony from sources qualified either from recognized experts or ordinary citizens with special experience on the topic at hand.
visual heighten audience interest, shift attention away from the speaker, and give the speaker greater confidence in the presentation as a whole.
charts are often used to show the statistical trends and patterns, which can be ided into line graph, pie graph and bar graph.
line graph is to illustrate simple distribution patterns.
graphs and charts are to demonstrate, interpret statistics. they are more dramatic and more emotional.
when using powerpoint, it’s not necessary to limit the bullet points and texts, or limit animations.
we should avoid using powerpoint templates.
the major types of visual aids are: objects and models, photos and drawings, graphs, charts, videos, powerpoint and the speaker.
only when visual aids are used to dominate, can you succeed in your speech.
we should explain visual aids rather than read them.
when presenting visual aids, we should always develop a backup plan.
denotative meaning of a word usually refers to what the word suggests or implies, which is more variable, figurative and subjective
generally speaking, complicated, abstract and unfamiliar words sound more impressive to the listeners.
alliteration refers to the repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words, such as saints and sinners, weal and woe.
when referring to both females and males, it is better to use the word “man”.
profound implications usually should be presented in neat, simple, and familiar words rather than big, bloated and unfamiliar words.
paralleli, antithesis, repetition and alliteration are the four basic stylistic devices which help to create imagery to the audience.
using language inclusively means that speakers should choose inclusive language to show respect for the ersity of the world.
philosophy, drama, car, golf, mona lisa, humility, progress and creative activity are all abstract words.
simile, metaphor and abstract words help to generate imagery successfully.
the language you select in your speech should be appropriate to the audience, the occasion , and your specific topic, but most importantly to yourself.
in most speech situations, the introduction has five objectives: get the attention and interest of the audience; create a positive relationship with the audience; establish credibility; make the speaker more at ease; preview the body of the speech.
no matter what interest-arousing lures you might apply, you should always relate your topic to the audience.
opening your speech with a lengthy quotation is a sure way to set your audience exited.
one effective way of beginning a speech is telling a story, especially if it is provocative, amusing, dramatic, or suspenseful.
if you begin your speech with a story, make sure you can deliver it with strong eye contact and expressive vocal variety.
it’s effective to begin your speech with an apology like “i’m sorry to be nervous,” or “i wish i had done a better job preparing”.
under normal circumstances speech opening should constitute more than 10-20 percent of your speech.
a crescendo ending is a combination of many things, including vocal pitch, choice of words, dramatic content, gesture, pauses --- and possibly loudness.
the dissolve ending of a speech seldom evokes deep emotions.
summarizing the speech, ending with a quotation, making a dramatic statement, referring to the introduction--- all these techniques can only be used separately.
informative speech can be basically grouped into 4 categories, namely speeches about objects, about events, about processes and about concepts.
you can deliver a successful speech as long as you cover every aspect of the topic you've seleced.
for a given topic, there's only one method to organize your speech.
for the preparation of a speech, it is always necessary to establish your specific purpose, central idea and main points first.
the usage of effective visual aids is essential to the effective delivery of an informative speech about processes.
speeches about concepts are more abstract than objects, processes or events and are thus more complex and difficult to handle.
it's impossible to make an informative speech about concepts vivid and attractive due to its abstraction.
by using vivid language, it includes but not limited to accurate adjectives or adverbs, simile, metaphor, comparison and contrast.
the usage of pronouns can not only narrow the distance between the speaker and the audience, but also increase the audience's understanding of the speaker's ideas.
don't overestimate what the audience knows, and be sure to define every special term, clarify every idea and illustrate every concept.
the theory of relativity is a topic for a persuasive speech.
speeches on questions of policy deal with whether something should or should not be done.
appealing to emotions is most appropriate in speeches on questions of fact.
to persuade your audience that more official measures should be taken to protect consumers’ right, you can put your speech in comparative advantages order.
the motivated sequence is tailor-made for policy speeches that seek immediate action.
there are five steps in motivated sequence
the quote “you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar.” illustrates the importance of respect for listeners.
the most important question in assessing ogical reasoning is whether the two cases being compared are essentially alike.
“the manager’s proposal is not worthy of any consideration. after all, he doesn’t come from well-known family.” this statement commits the fallacy of ad hominem.
“if sat works well as college entrance examination for america, it should also work well for china.” this statement commits the fallacy of false cause.
the difference between public speaking and conversation include
stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one’s own is
wang li has gathered a lot of compelling statistics for backing up her argument on the risks and dangers of plastic surgery. which of the following guidelines for using statistics should wang li follow in her speech?
studies have found that public speakers will usually be more persuasive when they
which of the following is/are tip(s) for using examples in a speech?
visual aids are most effective when they are
a speaking outline
which of the following is not the tip for the specific purpose statement?
if you want to inform your audience about the achievements of leonardo da vinci’s achievements as a painter, an inventor, and an astronomer, you will probably organize your speech
the major kinds questions to choose from when developing an audience-ysis questionnaire are
factors in audience ysis include
which of the criteria for effective supporting materials does the statement “according to a spokesperson for the video game industry, gaming is beneficial because it develops physical coordination in young children” violate?
which method of using language vividly is applied in the statement “art is the torch of a nation’s spirit”
the correct order of the four main parts of presenting is:
the theory of relativity is a topic for speeches about
if you are going to give speeches on the following three topics, in which speech will you use problem-solution order?
the advantage(s) of effective public speaking is/are:
when ezra pound says that “great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree,” he probably means that _____.
what is probably not true of mary, the main character in “early autumn”?
when we say that the first paragraph foreshadows the body of the short story, we mean that it_____.
the words on the cardboard “i’m blind, please help” do not seem to draw much attention because _____.
ezra pound has made another comment that literature is “news that stays news.” this probably means _____.
which of the following adjectives can probably best describe bill’s attitude?
which of the following statements about the author-narrator relationship is true?
in a short story the role of the narrator is of vital importance because _____.
what description does not suit frank sargeson as a writer?
the language of the short story has all the following characteristics except one. which is the exception?
which one of the following statements describes an “implied author”?
which statement about the “naïve narrator” is not generally accepted?
which one of the following characteristics is not a proper description of “a piece of yellow soap.”
the two levels of understandings, the surface level and the deep level, are made more manifest by the author’s use of a naïve narrator. what advantage does this way of narration have?
which of the following examples about hero or an anti-hero is not true?
what is probably untrue of miss brill and her fur piece?
which of the following statements does not give a correct description of miss brill?
which of the following statements about character types is not true?
which statement about mansfield’s connection with xu zhimo is not true?
which of the following adjectives could not be used to describe miss brills’ feelings when, at last, she decides to put the fur back in its box?
miss brill goes to the park regularly. why?
which of the following could not be one of the dimensions of setting: _____.
selzer’s short stories about the sick and diseased have introduced a new way of writing called ______, which is the writing by medical professionals, who share humanity in their professional experiences.
by whom is the story narrated?
what description of the hospital ward is true?
the term “setting” and “background” are both translated into chinese as “背景”. which is a more proper definition about “setting”?
“the discus thrower” was first published in 1979 in______, a collection of short stories.
in the short conversation, we hear the patient’s demand for shoes. why does he still want his shoes since he has no legs?
how does the setting of the story make you feel?
which of the following statements about “story” as a literary term is not true?
the most striking feature of regional stories is______.
what is probably untrue of sylvia and her life?
which of the following statements about conflicts in the story is not true?
which of the following statements about “plot” as a literary term is not true?
which of the following statements does not give a correct description of the man in the short story?
the story reaches its climax when ______.
generally speaking, irony has the following functions except ______.
which of the following facts is not true about kate chopin's life?
which of the following statement is not true about “the story of an hour”?
which of the following statement is not relevant to the themes of “the story of an hour”?
a math teacher forgot simple addition. this is an example of ______.
in 1899, chopin published her second novel, _____. it is her most famous novel.
what do the views, the scents and the sounds outside the open window symbolize?
mrs. mallard's reaction to her huand's death is an example of _____ .
which of the following statements about “metaphor” and “symbol” is not true?
which of the following works is not written by joyce?
which adjective is not a proper description of the style of the short story “araby”?
which of the following statements about the symboli of darkness is not true?
symbol functions well in a literary work because it could ______.
which adjective is not a proper description of the life in north richmond street?
why does the boy want to go to the bazaar, or the “araby,” so desperately?
which of the following statements is not true?
if you think that “the lady, or the tiger” is a piece of work typically romantic in its characteristics, which of the following descriptions is not relevant?
which of the following statements is not true of the king?
stockton spent his childhood in an age when tall tale was the most popular genre of american literature. a tall tale is _____.
romantic literature has all the following features except one. which is the exception?
which of the following statements about “the lady, or the tiger” is true?
in the short story the king is a man of conflicting nature. what does the character represent?
which of the following statements is a more reasonable comment on the story?
which one of the four statements is not an accurate description about literary reali as a movement?
what do you think is the main function of a realistic writer?
there are five main characters in the short story “guests of the nation.” which is the correct situation?
the first-person narrator in “guests of the nation” tells the story _____.
reali is often seen as a reaction against romantici. what is not a typical characteristic of literary romantici?
when hugh holman says: “realistic writers usually have a powerful interest in the audience,” he probably means _____.
which description is closest to the narrator in “guests of the nation”?
the argument over the "next world" reveals that hawkins and noble .
the literary term “naturali” is mainly concerned with______.
which of the following statements is not true about jack london’s life?
which of the following statements is not true about the plot of “the law of life”?
the following statements all testify to the philosophy of naturali in the story except one. which is the exception?
which of the following statements is not true about naturali?
what is an important source of inspiration for jack london’s writings?
what does “the law of life” in this short story imply?
the naturalist idea of “nature is not kindly to the flesh” is shown through the following ideas except______.
which of the following adjectives best describes walter mitty’s real life?
the narrative of the story ______.
which of the following statements about the short story is not true?
wwi had greatly shaken the faith of european and american writers in western civilization. which might not be one of their doubts?
which of the following adjectives is not a suitable description of walter mitty’s wife?
which of the following adjectives can probably best describe mitty in his daydreams?
the short story is a narration in which reality and fantasy interweave. what does this way of presentation suggest?
which of the following statements about postmoderni is not true?
which of the following statements is not true about donald barthelme?
the following post-war developments in literature are collectively described as being postmodern except______.
donald barthelme’s best-known work is ______.
the story reveals a lot about the reality of the time. which of the following statements is probably not true?
which of the following statements is true about the technique of parody used in “the glass mountain”?
which statement about “defamiliarization” as a literary term is not true?
which of the following statements is not characteristic of a short story?
mary doesn’t say anything when she gets on the bus. why?
the title of the short story “early autumn” may give a hint to the reader that ______.
which is a more acceptable statement about a short story?
the short story “a piece of yellow soap” is told by _____.
when sargeson’s stories are compared to “swarming wasps that disturb the world by their little humming and painful stings,” “the world” here most likely refers to _____.
in “a piece of yellow soap,” the author’s manipulative use of the narrator _____.
which of the following quotations is “showing” instead of “telling”?
which of the following quotes from “miss brill” could not serve as an example of “stream of consciousness”?
“but as miss brill wondered, the ermine toque turned, raised her hand as though she'd seen someone else, much nicer, just over there, and pattered away.” this sentence about the woman wearing an ermine toque shows that_____.
miss brill does not stop at the bakery for a slice of honey cake as she usually does, because _____.
which statement about “theme” as a literary term is true?
which of the following statements is not a proper description of “the discus thrower”?
read the story carefully and make a list of contrasts that you find. which of the following is probably not one of them?
which of the following might not be one of the possible thematic implications of the author when he describes the patient’s throwing the plates?
which of the following statements about traditional plot pattern is not true?
which of the following descriptions of jewett’s identity is not true?
how does sylvia’s feel when the man mentions the white heron for the first time?
why does sylvia decide not to share the secret of the white heron with the man?
which of the following statements is true about women’s position in america by the end of the 19th century?
mrs. mallard is most probably killed by _____.
the doctor’s claim that mrs. mallard dies of joy is an example of dramatic irony because ______.
the followings are all “private symbols” except one. which is the exception?
which of the following statements about joyce’s writing is not true?
what do you think the theme of the story is?
which of the following statements about the symboli of araby is not true?
which statement about american romantici is not true?
much of the story of “the lady, or the tiger” lies in _______.
stockton made the question “the lady or the tiger?” a probe into ______.
people often compare reali to a mirror. but this mirror ogy neglects _____.
the realistic tradition _____.
which of the following conflicts is not implied as the theme of the short story?
which of the following is not the characteristic of naturali?
jack london’s naturalistic philosophy is formulated by all the following factors except______.
finally, old koskoosh said to himself, “was it not the law of life?”what do these words reveal to us?
which statement about “stream of consciousness” as a literary term is not true?
what sort of “the secret life” of walter mitty do the “courtroom trial” and the “execution by a firing squared” episodes reveal to us?
the story starts with a mitty’s daydream and ends with another. this structure tells the reader something about the character. which is probably not indicated?
mitty is an anti-hero, an alienated inidual _____ in a predominantly urban world.
which of the following is not the characteristic of postmoderni?
which of the following statements is not true about “the glass mountain”?
which of the following statements is probably not the reason that the narrator decides to throw the beautiful princess down to the street?
this short story has all the following characteristics of a postmodern writing except one. which is the exception?