based on the interpretive theory, there are two phases of interpreting which are comprehension and reformulation.
the two basic modes of interpreting are simultaneous interpreting and consecutive interpreting.
the formula proposed by daniel gile describing different phases of interpreting is known as _____.
memory and _____ are the two basic skills for interpreting training.
the two ways of logic ysis include vertical ysis and _____.
interpreters are supposed to record every single word when listening for key information.
keywords recognition is the second step of listening and ysis.
gist delivery should be_____, objective, balanced and holistic.
the process of gist interpretation falls into ______ stages.
it is undeniable that a better ltm can _____ stm processing thus improve interpreting performances.
psychological studies of human memory agree that there are two types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory.
most of the information kept in short-term memory will be stored for approximately 20 to 30 seconds, but it can be just seconds if rehearsal of the information is prevented.
_____ into all groups makes it easier to remember more items for a short period.
_____ can turn short-term memory into long-term memory.
when dealing with _____ speech, it is easier for interpreters to get the layers of information.
the two basic information ysis techniques are logic-based memorization and visualization.
vertical ysis means distinguishing the key information and the supplementary information.
during the production process, interpreters just need the key words, _____ and clues to activate the information.
visual system uses _____ to store information while verbal system uses words to store information.
what should be noted down in notes?
the beginners should always use target language when taking down notes.
the functions of notes are to relieve and jog
the first principle of note-taking is that it should be done on the basis of good and effective memorization of the source text.
which symbol does the following statement refer to? “it is frequently used with slight variation to show different types of movement, increase or decrease (vertically or sloping), in particular for reporting economic trends.”
when lists are noted down, they should be stacked vertically instead of being indented.
as the first principle of note-taking, __________ means noting down the page or arranging the notes vertically from top to bottom, rather than horizontally from left to right.
the interpreter will use such devices as simplification, abbreviation and _______ to improve the efficiency of note-taking,
we should pay attention to the translation of the chinese expression “翻番“. ”翻一番“means twice sth, ”翻两番“means four times sth, “ 翻三番”means 6 times sth.
english and chinese have great differences in the expression of numbers, which is mainly reflected in their different ways of segmentation. in english every ______ single digit is put in a segment, and each segment is denoted by words like "thousand", "million", "billion" and "trillion" from low to high. in chinese, every four single digit is put in a segment.
“1500万微信用户”can be interpreted into “fifteen ______ wechat users “ in english.
speakers’ attitudes can be expressed by using the following lexical bundles except _____.
we may regard any continuous or discontinuous multi-word units as lexical bundles that are, rarely or frequently, used in natural language.
interpreters tend to use lexical bundles in both simultaneous interpreting and consecutive interpreting because of the easy access to them in their memory.
_____ bundles serve the functions of topic introduction and topic clarification.
the referential bundle ‘have a lot of’ can specify specific attributes of the following nouns in terms of _____.
if the sentence “身正不怕影子斜，你不必太在意流言蜚语。” is interpreted into “ don’t be bothered by the rumors. a clean hand wants no washing.”, what interpreting strategy is employed?
the essence of interpreting decides that the interpreter performs the dual roles of language transformation and cultural mediation. in terms of cultural mediation, interpreters should not only follow the conventions of a specific culture in words and behaviors, but also try their best to prevent, stop and eliminate the cultural friction and communication barriers that may occur due to the lack of understanding of the cultural customs of the other party, so as to help the two parties reach cross-cultural understanding.
interpreting is a kind of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communicative activity. in other words, it is the communication and exchange not only between different languages but also between different__________.
to cultivate intercultural communication awareness, the interpreters should do the following things. first, accumulating cultural knowledge of sl and tl. second, having cross-cultural ________, which is an ability to see others from their point of views which will help us to be familiar with others and adjust ourselves to a new environment. third, having adequate interpreting practice.
the following are the tricks an interpreter can do when dealing with nervousness except _____.
though working as a bridge between speakers, an interpreter is generally considered as a secondary speaker.
once you can have your tension under control, you can expect better performance in interpreting.
the interpreter should use _____ speed and should slow down appropriately at key information points.
a relaxed yet _____ posture makes an interpreter look confident, friendly, and energetic.
in the process of interpreting, if the interpreter can’t understand a word or several words of the speaker, he should not ________.
the interpreter can seek help from others during interpreting. for example, he can ask the speaker to explain or rephrase the expression which he couldn’t understand or ask the audience to help. and the interpreter can use this tactic as frequently as possible without losing any credibility.
in the reproduction phase, for some words not clearly heard, or temporarily unable to interpret, especially some professional words, the interpreter can imitate the original pronunciation, and read it out. this coping tactic is called parrot _________.
when the interpreter cannot find an appropriate and corresponding expression in the target language, the meaning expressed by the word can be explained. especially when the speaker cites classics or uses humorous words, it is difficult for interpreter to come up with an equally gentle, neat or humorous translation at once, and then he can adopt the tactic of __________ to deal with it.